ليس لنزلات البرد علاج، ولكن يمكنك تخفيف الأعراض التي قد تشمل السعال والتوعك واحتقان الأنف والتهاب الحلق.
فيما يلي بعض أدوية للكحة والبرد والعلاجات الطبيعية الأخرى التي يمكنك تجربتها في المنزل للتخلص من السعال ونزلات البرد.
الأدوية التي تُصرَف بدون وصفة طبية
تخفف الأدوية التي لا تتطلب وصفة طبية أعراض البرد المختلفة. ومع ذلك، عليك أن تختار دواءً يمكنه علاج الأعراض التي لديك.
أدوية السعال
السعال من أعراض نزلات البرد الشائعة لأنه وسيلة الجسم لطرد الكائنات الحية الدقيقة والمخاط غير المرغوب فيه.
إليك نوعان من أدوية السعال:
- مثبطات السعال – تساعد هذه الأدوية في تخفيف السعال الذي يعيق نومك أو أنشطتك اليومية حيث تمنع النبضات العصبية التي تحفز رد فعل السعال. الديكستروميتورفان العنصر النشط الأكثر شيوعًا في مثبطات السعال التي تُصرف بدون وصفة طبية.
- طاردة للبلغم – تعمل أدوية السعال هذه على تليين المخاط وترقيقه بحيث يمكنك إخراجه بسهولة مما يساعد على إزالة المخاط بشكل أسرع. غايفينيسين العنصر الأنشط في الأدوية طاردة البلغم بدون وصفة طبية.
مزيلات احتقان الأنف
إذا كنت تعاني من احتقان الأنف، فيمكن لمزيلات احتقان الأنف أن تعالج انسداده والتي تعمل على انقباض الأوعية الدموية بطول الأنف لتقليل إنتاج المخاط وتقليص تورم الأنسجة. بهذه الطريقة، يمكن أن يمر الهواء بسهولة.
تشمل المكونات النشطة في معظم مزيلات احتقان الأنف التي تصرف بدون وصفة طبية الفينيليفرين والسودوإيفيدرين.
مسكنات الألم
تسبب نزلات البرد أنواعًا مختلفة من الألم، بما في ذلك الصداع وآلام الأذن وآلام العضلات والتهاب الحلق. يمكن لمسكنات الألم أن تخفف أي من هذه الآلام وكذلك تخفف الحمى.
تشمل المكونات النشطة في مسكنات الألم التي تصرف بدون وصفة طبية الإيبوبروفين والأسيتامينوفين والنابروكسين.
إذا كنت تعاني من عَرض أو أكثر من أعراض البرد، فقد يكون من الآمن الجمع بين أي من هذه الأدوية للتعامل معها. لكن اقرأ الملصق أولاً للتأكد من أنك لن تفرط في تناول أي دواء لأن معظم أدوية السعال والبرد المتاحة اليوم تحتوي على أكثر من عنصر نشط واحد.
العلاجات الطبيعية
بالإضافة إلى الأدوية، هناك علاجات منزلية طبيعية للمساعدة في تخفيف أعراض البرد.
النعناع
لأوراق النعناع خصائص علاجية حيث يحتوي على المنثول الذي يساعد على تهدئة الحلق. كما أنه مزيل للاحتقان حيث يساعد على تخفيف المخاط. يمكنك الاستفادة من استنشاق أبخرة النعناع المتصاعدة من 5 أونصات من الماء الساخن مع 3-4 قطرات من زيت النعناع.
عسل النحل
أظهرت دراسة أن للعسل خاصية تثبيط السعال. لاستخدامه، أضف ملعقتين صغيرتين من العسل الغامق إلى شاي الأعشاب أو الماء الدافئ.
يمكن أيضًا إضافة العسل إلى عصير الليمون. يهدئ العسل الحلق، بينما يخفف عصير الليمون الاحتقان.
البروميلين
لا يعتبر معظم الناس الأناناس علاجًا للسعال؛ ربما لأنهم لم يسمعوا عن البروميلين.
البروميلين إنزيم موجود في الأناناس. أظهرت الدراسات أنه يساعد في تخفيف المخاط وتثبيط السعال، ويعالج الالتهابات والتورم.
للاستفادة من فوائد البروميلين، اشرب عصير الأناناس الطازج أو تناول شريحة من الأناناس ثلاث مرات في اليوم. إذا كنت لا تستسيغ الأناناس، فمكملات البروميلين بدائل جيدة.
الزعتر
يمكن أن يخفف الزعتر من أعراض الجهاز التنفسي. تحتوي أوراقه على مركبات الفلافونويد، المعروفة بإرخاء عضلات الحلق المسؤولة عن السعال وتقليل الالتهاب.
يمكنك صنع شاي الزعتر عن طريق إضافة ملعقتين صغيرتين من أوراق الزعتر المطحون إلى كوب من الماء المغلي. غطه واتركه لمدة 10 دقائق ثم صفِه.
الزنجبيل
يحتوي الزنجبيل على خصائص مضادة للالتهابات تساعد على تخفيف السعال، والألم، والغثيان.
تشير دراسة إلى أن الزنجبيل يعمل على تثبيط السعال عن طريق إرخاء الأغشية في الشعب الهوائية.
لتحضير شاي الزنجبيل، أضف 20-40 غرامًا من شرائح الزنجبيل الطازج في كوب من الماء الساخن. يمكنك إضافة عصير الليمون أو العسل لتخفيف السعال بشكل أسرع.
الغرغرة بالماء المالح
الغرغرة بالماء المالح فعالة في علاج السعال المصحوب بالبلغم والتهاب الحلق. تساعد في تقليل المخاط والبلغم في أسفل الحلق، وبالتالي تقليل نوبات السعال.
أذِب ملعقة صغيرة من الملح في كوب من الماء. دع المحلول يبرد قليلاً قبل الغرغرة به. اتركه يلامس مؤخرة حلقك لبضع ثوانٍ قبل أن تبصقه. استخدم غرغرة الماء المالح حتى يتحسن السعال.
السوائل:
يمكن أن يخفف شرب السوائل في درجة حرارة الغرفة من السعال والعطس وسيلان الأنف. ولكن إذا كنت تعاني من أعراض إضافية للبرد، حقق استفادة أكبر بتسخين مشروباتك.
تشمل المشروبات الساخنة التي تساعد في تخفيف أعراض البرد شاي الأعشاب والمرق الصافي وعصائر الفاكهة الدافئة والشاي الأسود الخالي من الكافيين.
جذور الخطمي
من المعروف أن الخطمي يعالج التهاب الحلق والسعال لاحتوائه على نسبة عالية من الهلام. الهلام عبارة عن مادة لزجة وسميكة يمكن أن تغطي الحلق.
تتوفر جذور الخطمي معبأة في أكياس أو كأعشاب جافة. كلما طالت مدة بقائها في الماء، زاد الهلام الذي تنتجه في المشروب.
البروبيوتيك
البروبيوتيك كائنات دقيقة مفيدة توفر فوائد صحية عديدة. على الرغم من أنها لا تخفف أعراض البرد بصورة مباشرة، إلا أنها تساعد في موازنة فلورا الأمعاء. يدعم هذا التوازن أداء الجهاز المناعي المرن لتجنب التهابات الجهاز التنفسي العلوي.
يمكنك تناول دواء بروبيوتيك بدون وصفة طبية أو تناول الأطعمة المخمرة، مثل الزبادي، والميسو، والكيمتشي، والتمبيه، ومخلل الملفوف، وخبز العجين المتخمر.
على الرغم من أن نزلات البرد تُشفى من تلقاء نفسها، إلا أنها تكون منهكة. يمكن أن تتسبب أعراضها في تدني كبير في وظائف الجسم والإنتاجية في العمل. لحسن الحظ، هناك أدوية وعلاجات طبيعية للتعامل معها في المنزل. ولكن إذا استمرت الأعراض، فاطلب المساعدة الطبية على الفور.
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